CSEBLOG100

DATABASE CHARACTERISTICS:  The main characteristics that distinguish the database approach from the traditional approach of programming with files are given below:  1. SELF-DESCRIPTION:  The database system contains not only the database itself but also a complete definition or description of the database structure and constraints. This definition is stored in the system catalog,Which contains information such as the structure of each file,the type and storage format of each data item,and various constraints on the data. The information stored in the catalog is called meta-data,and it describes the structure of the primary database. The catalog is used by the DBMS software and also by database users who need information about the database structure.  2. INSULATION BETWEEN PROGRAMS AND DATA:  In traditional file processing,the structure of the data files accessed by an application is "hard-coded" in its source code. If,for some reason,we decide to change th

 OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORT LAYER: Transport Layer protocol provides for logical communication between application processes running on different hosts. Transport Layer protocols are implemented in the end systems but not in the network routers. All transport Layer protocols provide an application multiplexing demultiplexing service. The transport service is said to perform "peer to peer" communication with the remote transport facility. The transport layer is responsible for reliable data delivery. Transport Layer Functions: This Layer breaks message into packets.It perform error recovery,if lower layer not adequately error free. Function of flow control if not done adequately at the network layer.Functions of multiplexing and demultiplexing. Properties of Transport protocol: Ordered delivery of message. Guarantee d message delivery. Protocol support Large messages. Each host support multiple application processes. Services for describing Transport serv

SMTP used as the common mechanism for transporting electronic mail among different host within TCP/IP. SMTP is an application layer protocol under SMTP,a client SMTP process opens a TCP connection to a server SMTP process on a remote host and attempts to send mail across the connection. The server SMTP listens for a TCP connection on a specific port and the client SMTP process initiates a connection on that port. When the TCP connection is suc c essful the two process execute a simple request-response dialogue,in which the client process transmits the mail addresses of the originator and the recipient for a message. When the server process accepts these mail addresses,the client process transmits the email instant message.The message must contain message header and message text.  SMTP MODEL AND PROTOCOL:  SMTP model supports both end-to-end message transfer and store and forward mail delivery methods. The TFC 821 standard defines 9 client-server protocol.The client SM initi

What is Simple Network Management Protocol?  Simple Network Management Protocol refers to Simple Network Management Protocol. The protocol that allows us to read,write,various pieces of state information on different network nodes is called Simple Network Management Protocol.  Simple Network Management Protocol:  Simple Network Management Protocol is a request/reply protocol that supports two kinds of request messages. GET & SET. GET is used to retrieve a piece of state from some node. SET is used to store a new piece of state in some New node. A system administrator interacts with a client program that displays information about the network.This client program usually has a graphical interface.This interface plays same role as web browser. Whenever the administrator selects a certain piece of information,the client program uses Simple Network Management Protocol to request that information from the node. An Simple Network Management Protocol server running on node re